Internal combustion engine carburetor



' 4 sheey-she c 1 6:026): mum *INVENTOIR- 1 ATTORNEY Sept. 28,1937 G.MQ'BICKNELL I INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CARBURETOR Fi ed Jan. 4, 1932Sept. 28, 1937. G. M. BICKNE LL 2,094,155 I vINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINECA RBURETOR Filed Jan. 4, 1932 '4 Sheets-Sheet 3 22%,, Ill

' ATTORNEY G. M.BICKNELL' 2,094,165

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CARBURETOR Sept. 28, 1937.

Filed Jan. 4, 1952 4 Shets$heet 4 ATTORNEY static coil attached. 35

Patented Sept. 28, 19 37 h U TED if STA f Q 1 INTERN AL oomnns'rron t 1t' CARBURETOR h fiicknell, Louis, Mo; iis'signor f invention relates' tocarburetors ior internalcombustion engines and l more particularly toautomatically controlling the temperaturesof andlratios of fuel to airimixtures; L

5 Itis'an object of this inyention to;produceya ew n mi ro ed q a b apale orr -i. inatically c0ntrolling,the iuel 'toair ratiouof mix-f tu'resas required by theengine in accorriance withtheltemperature. L '1 i l r1o Itis ai'further object offthisinventionto, ar a videa ineans ofcontrolling thefuelandair mix-t ture ratim particularlyat lowtemperatures and for short periodsi ninediatelyafterthe startin l I 1 h'eim e nce wi -thelp sl en'. of i5 the throttle valve.v it

It is a v further object oi vide' a device' ofthe above; character whichalso has" a means of manually controllingthe air to fuel ratio ofmixture, irrespective of the automatic control. H

Itvisaffurther obj ct this invention toprog vide a' means of auto1natica1ly controllinggthe temperature of the mixture rin inver m e a' ec teQe 1 25. Y Otherobjects and advantages will appear from thefollowing'fdescriptioh and claims taken in connection with theaccompanying drawing sfln t which like reference numerals refer tolikeparts;

Figure 1 z is a,s'ornewhatdiagrammaticfiview" showing an elevation of'thefcarburetor, with parts in section andothers broken away. alsoshowsl aj secti'on of an exhaust pipeextenslori and. aimixture heater'with a conventionalthenno others shown insection; H t

Figure 3 I is a sectional view of the-carburetor shown in line" -3 0!Figure}, I f "l 0 Figure 4 isapl fview o'i the carburetor'showingFi'gures 1'tof3f Figure 5 is a planjvi'ew the mixture, heater FigureG isa sectional detail view of tliecholce 6 valveand"associate'd p rts,with the, valve n closed'position.

{Figure 'Ishows the valveina different position;

Figure '8 is a diagrammatic i'view of the throttle 3 and chok'evalvelinkagei" I z The-referenceinum'eral l indicates the lower 7 56zjnaniioldj r an; internalcoxi bustion engine 1 The Carter CarburetorCorporation a corporation of Delawar-e andhasa'latch contact member Acontacting with thelzwall' oi the air inlet, and projection I6 attheother'endth'eieof for contacting S r m-w t F1 l1re 2 spai sideelevation f the femur shown in Figurel; withparts brok en away/anq st mume,

separate casting; and suitably faqstened tofl the lower rhalfu The:twohalves of. the' carburetor for nna downdraft-mixing conduitextending 'theret hrough comprising air inlet 4, air; chamber lmine-chember1ha isc r e t et 1.11.

Q 'Ifhe =air inlet] 1 is icontrolleq bygchoke valve 8 two sections; onerigidly attached, to; the shaft 9,

ca d t l i' i li 6 ,an th h r, s t on the sbring' l2 will be ,stoppedwhen section [I i has been" brou'ght'into lin with ectional, ,A uteri i4ispivotally mounted on the solid -section; III

with theprojection l3 tbjlimit the opening move;- nent of .thejvalveportion l The construction hereon for V and operation'lof fthislvalve isshown and claimed in f the 'a,pplicati'on of liomrner and Kenning,Number.5135,704, filed Ma'yjl 1931 which maturedtoiBatentNo. 1,894,354granted January 17', 1933;

is, supplied to the mixing conduitthijough a, nozzle 11 and tip I 8,nozzle tiprisforinediintegralwith prin'iary venturir ltiyffI'he primaryand the secondary venturi discharges into] the I For normal'andhighsfieed bperation;l the fuel I main]venturi'lI,"]as,indicated inFigure 1. r

discharge of the mixture from the (:a'rbiirfetoi' is controllecljjby thethrottle valve -22, cairiedQon shaft 23, thisshaft v bein gjaiji'angedfor manual operation in. any convenient f mannehj as for, instance by cen ctmsia lverto thecrankjliog "For low speed op'eration', fulissuppneqto th'e mixing conduitthroii'gh port or nozzle 24] shown showndn"dotted lines'in' Figure 1", which is in" the closed' 'positioniHowever,-*it'wnrte understood that two separate ports interconnectedwiththe idle tube 25 may be used in lieu thereof.

idleztube 25, connecting: passages 26 21pcali brated passageway, passage29, and? metering ceive fuel in connhion11rornjet 310; and are inter-.connecte cl by the restricted passageway 18,; -'I'he a0 venturildi'scherg'e's into the secondary ventiirijfl, Y

a 40 I I in i ure 1., rw n 'be seen that thisport isbij Ysect'edbyjthethrottle valve when in tlieposition rock arm 30 which, in turn,isoperated by the throttle valve through link 39 and operating arm 40.This pump is of well known construction, and is not shown in fulldetail. v

To control the choke valve positionand consequently the air to fuelratio of the mixture, in

accordance with the atmospheric temperature a (in the instance of a coldengine), and in accordance with the automaticallycontrolled'temperature'of a mixture heater to'which heat issup- I plied by the exhaustmanifold (in the instance --of a motorin'operation), a-conventionalthermostatic coil ll of the usual bimetallicconstruction is provided.The innerend of this coil is rigidly mounted by 'means of shaft "to themixture heaterll- An enclosure (4 is provided to prevent, to someextent; the'influ'ence of passing air currents upon the thermostaticcoil." 'I'he shaft 42 is preferably made'of a material having high heatconductive properties; "The "outer end of the thermostatic coil is'freeto move in a clockwisejdirection upon the application of heat, and isconnected to choke valve shaft". by means of-link 4!, arm 46," andswivels'll lib" Mixtureheaterfll may be of the, conventional type-thatis, a simple Jacket about.

a conduit conveying exhaust gases.

To controlthe temperature of the mixture heater- 'in'accordance with therequirements of the engine, the plain butterfly type valve l9 mountedonshaft 5! is provided at the entrance of the mixture heater and in anextension" of the exhaust manifold ll. extension of the exhaust manifoldmay be connected'to the main exhaust manifold in any suitable manner(not shown); however,- aiifecting only a parallelflow of the exhaustgas'which may be lay-passed upon the closing'of the valve 4!. A weightedarm 52 weighted at and fixed on shaft "normally holds the valve 4! in anopen position. A slot I4 in arm 52 is englg dduring the clockwise motionof the free end of the thermostatic coil by a roller '5, thereby closingthe valve 4!. A stop lug" cast onjthe exhaust mania fold extensionlimits the clockwise rotation ,of valve shaft 50 to the full openposition of valve 4!. The proportioning of lever arms provides for afullopening movement of they choke'valve prior to the engagement ofroller IS. in slot 54 during a clockwise movement of the thermostat. .Astop 'I'l prevents the further rotation of the choke shaft I beyond full'ope'n'position of the choke valve. A cylinder II in which link 48 isslidably mounted provides for further. motion of the thermostat againstthe compression of spring 50 therein. 7 1 To control the choke valveposition and. consequently the air to fuel ratio of themixture inaccordance with the position of the throttle thethrottle'shaftil, isprovided. v To permit a suiiicient opening ofthethrottle valve duringthe starting of an engine without any corresponding opening action ofthe choke valve, a link 80 is slidably mounted in pivot 62, this freeaction, however, being limited by stop screw 63. The stop screw 63 alsoprovides a means of adjusting the position of the throttle valvewithrespect to the position of the choke viive. v v g To provide a meansof manually controlling the ,air to fuel ratio of the mixture,particularly in the full open and closed positions of the throttlevalve, it will be seen that link 60 in the position shown in Figure 1 isat dead center with respect to arm I and shaft 23. In this position, the

chokefvalvel is fully closed, and the throttle valve, is partially open.Any further clockwise or closing motion of the throttle valve will cause'a slight openin'gof the choke valve against the however, thata fullopening of the throttle valve or approximately 90'degrees travel fromits full closed position will have opened the choke valve approximatelyonly" 45 degrees as diagrammatically indicated in Figure 8, this beingpartially due to the diflerence in positions of the link pivots withrespect to a center line through the valve shafts; and partially due tothe lost motion through that portion of the throttle valves travel fromthe fully closed position to the position shown in Figure l; V

' The operation of the device 1 to 8 is as follows:

Upon starting a cold engine in an atmospheric temperature which is at orbelow a'degree requiring a fully closed position of the choke valve, thethrottle valve will be set in the position shown in Figure 1, eithermanually by the operator or by any suitable mechanical or electricinterconnection with the engine ignition switch. Fuel is drawn into themixing conduit by suction through shown: in Figures nozzle l1 and tip i8 at the most restricted portion and open the hinged section I I of thechoke valve 1 against the tension spring I2. The spring I2 is socalibrated as to allow hinged section II to open far enough toadmitsuilicient air for continued operation of the engine'during the periodof time required to obtain suflicientheat in the mixture heater tooperate the. thermostatic coil.

Asthe motor warms up, the thermostatic coil will move in a clockwisedirection, opening the choke valve slowly, the thermostat being sodesigned and subjected to exhaust heat as'to have fully opened the chokevalve by the time the motor has reached a temperature requiring thefull'capacity of air inlet 4. It will be seen that the choke valve isfree to move toward the open position, irrespective, of the throttleinterconnection 60, by reason of the slidable pivot 62. As thetemperature of the'motor and'of the exhaust system, including themixture heater, continues to rise, and 'the thermostat continues in itsclockwise motion, roller mounted on the free end of the thermostat willengage the slot 54,, causing a counterclockwise motion of shaft 50 and aclosing'of the heat control valve 49, and thereby 20 of the choke valvewhich iscontrolled by a.link r 7. ,Inacarburetor, means forming a mixingThe travel of. thethermostatbeyond thev position atwhich the chokevalveand link 45 are stopped by stop i'lywill permitted by theslidingaction of link 45, in cylinder-5 8 against the compression,springidfispring '59, beingsodesigned to oiier only suflicientresistance t'ocompression -to allow a the operation of the choke-valveand overcome ,"T'any joint friction, is, however, substantiallyweaka 10er than ,the. coiled ,springaction of the thermofuel metering valve. .Itwill be understood, how-.

stat.-- c Upon starting an engine, particularly a cold engine, the usualtendency of the operator isto accelerate the engine by,manually openingthe throttle valve and thereby shortening the warming up period, 'Itwillbe seen, however, that any substantial opening of the throttletvalvebeyond thatposition to which it has been'adjusted to ,obtaintheproper starting mixture willhave a tend;- ency to lean out themixture, due to the opening connection (described heretofore) to thethrot- 'tle. This interconnection bylinkv 39, however, reducesthistendency toward unduly leaning out the mixture byacorresponding openingof the ever, that-the compensation is by no means complete, and theoperator may control the mixture ratio during warming up to a verysubstantial; exa tent by operating thethrottle .valve,

"moms ,7, I, a.

1 In a carburetor, a throttle valve, athoke valve, means comprisingapairof shafts for con,-

trolling said valves, cranks on eachofsaid shafts, a link connectin Saidcranks, the ends of said rl'inkbeingpivoted to said cranks atdiiferentangles withrespect to said valves, andthe crank on the throttle valvepassing over a-dead center'when 2 the throttle is in approximatelyone-third open position. i 2.,In acarburetor, means-forming amixingconduit, a throttle valve for controlling the dis-,

charge of mixture from said conduit, a choke valve for controlling theadmission of airto said conduit, 9. suction'operated nozzle dischargingfuel into said conduit between. said throttleand choke valves,thermostatic means :for controlling the position of saidchoke valve'torestrict the ad- 56. mission of air when the temperature is'lowtsuctionbperated means for admitting air to ,said carburetor when said chokevalve ,is closed, and means connecting saidthrottle, and choke valves.

for opening said choke valve at least partially 5 whensaid throttlevalve is fullyopened,

3. Ina carburetor, a throttle valve, a choke valve, a, nozzlefordischarging fuel into said, carburetor between saidchoke iandthrottle; valves,

valve means for controlling the admission ofiuel to said nozzle,operating connections between said throttle valve and ,saidfuel controlvalve and operating connections between said throttle valve and saidchoke valve, and heat responsive means for controlling said choke valve.I

, 4, In a carburetoaa ,thr ttle valve,. achoke tosaid nozzle, operatingconnections between" and operating connections between said throttle;valve and said'ohoke valve, heat responsive means,

said throttle valve and said fuel control-valve,

for controlling said choke valve, and suction operated means foradmitting air to said carburetor when said choke valve is closed;

5 a carburetor, a choke valve, a mixture heating chamberwmeans forvcontrolling the applicationof heat to said chamber, a heat responsiveelement, and, connections from said heat responsive elementforqoperating both said heat controlling meansandsaidchoke valve;

, 6 In a carburetor, means forming a mixing conduit; a. heating device.for heating-the mixture discharged from said conduit, a 'choke"valve"1'or admitting air to-said conduit, a'thrott'levalve in said conduit, asuction operatednozzlebetween said choke valve and said throttle, meansfor controlling the application ofxheat to sald'l mixture,

heat responsive means and said heat controlling ,means, said operatingconnections being "constructed and arranged to close said heatcontrollingmeans after said choke has been' opened, and

toclose said choke after said responsive means h been opened.

, heat-responsive means for operating'saidchoke valve, 1 and operatingconnections between said conduit, a choke-valve controllingthe admission01 air to said conduitpa throttle controllin the discharge of, mixturefrom said conduit, a heatlng device for heating, mixture discharged'bysaid conduit, heat responsive. means for controlling said choke,said'heat'responsive means also controlling conduit',aheat responsivemeans for controlling I said heatmEdel/ice. and connections forpositivei i 1y "causing an opening movementof said choke saidchokesaidheat responsive means'also-com trolling said heating device,connections-for posi tively causing an opening movement of said chokevalve when said throttle is opened, valve' means for controlling; theadmission offue'l'to said fuel conduit, and an operating connectionbetween said throttle. valve and said fuel valve; y

' 9, In a, carburetor; a choke valve, a heating device-comprising achamber through which-fuel mixture is passed for-heating purposes and avalve controlled heating conduit for applying heat to said chamber, aheat responsive element mounted adjacent said chamber, and meansoperated by said, heat responsive element for controlling said chokevalve and said heat controlling valve.

.10. In a carburetor, a'choke' valve, 'a'heating device comprising achamber through which fuel mixture ispassed for heating purposes and avalve controlled heating conduit for applying heat to saidchamber, aheat responsive element mounted adjacent said chamber, means operated bysaid heat responsive element for controlling said-choke valve andsaidheat controlling valve; said choke:

valve being operated during full open movement of'the'said heatresponsive element'and said heat responsive element being operatedduring an; otherportion'of said movement,

1 1-1; Ina carburetor, a choke valve, a heating device comprising a'chamber through which Iuel mixtureis passedffor heating purposes and avalve controlled heating conduitfor applying heat to said chamber, aheat responsive element mounted adiacent said chamber, means operated bysaid heat responsive element for controlling said choke. valve and,said; heat controlling valve," said choke valve being operated duringone portion of the movement of said heat responsive ele ated duringanother portion of said movement.

12. In a carburetor, a choke valve, a. heating device comprising achamber through which fuel mixture is passed for heating purposes and avalve mitting continued movement of said heat responsive elementin adirection to close said heatcontrolling valve after said choke valve hasbeen fully opened. I

13.- In .a device of the class described, means forming a mixingconduit, a heating device for heating the mixture in said mixingconduit, valve means for controlling the flow of heating'fluid throughsaid heating device, an unbalanced weight for normally-holding said heatcontrolling valve means in open position, and a heat responsive elementfor closing-said heat controlling valve means when a'predeterminedtemperature has been reached 14. In a device of the class described,means forming a mixing conduit, a heating-device for heating the mixturein said mixing conduit, valve means for controlling the flow of heatingfluid through said heating device, an unbalanced weight for normallyholding said heat controlling valve means in open position, a heatresponsive element for closingsaid heat controlling valve means when apredetermined temperature has been reached, a choke valve forcontrolling the admission of air to said'carburetor, and'an operatingconnection betweensaid heat responsive element and said choke valve. r

15. In a device of the classdescribed,'means forming a mixing conduit, aheating device for heating the mixture in said mixing conduit, valvemeans for controlling the flow of heating fluid through said heatingdevice, an unbalanced weight for normally holding said heat controllingvalve means in open position, a heat responsive element for closing saidheat controlling valve means when a predetermined temperature has beenreached, a choke valve for controlling the admission of air to saidcarburetor, an operating connection between said heat responsive elementand said choke valve, a throttle valve for said mixing conduit, and anoperating connection between said throttle-valve and said choke'valve.

l6. In a carburetorv for internal combustion engines, a throttle valve,a choke valve, said choke valve including a transverse'shaft carrying asuction operated valve portion, a heat responsive device normallycontrolling the movements vof said valve portion in conjunction with thesuction, means for interfering with the initial opening movement of saidvalve portion by suction, said means being effective only during theearlier stages of the opening of the. choke valve, and a connectionbetween said throttle and choke valve, said connection being constructedand arranged so that when said throttle is fully opened, .the chokevalve will be opened to a position in which it is no longer affected bysaid interfering means.

17. Ina carburetor forinternal combustion engines, a throttle valve, achoke valve, said choke valve including a shaft and a suction operatedvalve mounted thereon, a heat responsive device ment, and said heatcontrolling valve being operconnected to said shaft for normallycontrolling the position of said choke valve in conjunction with thesuction applied thereto; a, device constructed and arranged to operateonly when said choke valve is in substantially closedposition forinterfering with the opening thereof by suction, and connections betweenthe throttle and choke valves for opening the choke valve beyond theoperative range of said device whenever the throttle is moved to fullyopen position.

18. In a carburetor for internalcombustion engines, means forming amixing conduit having an air inlet and a mixture outlet, choke valvemeans controlling said air inlet, a throttle valve controlling saidmixture outlet, said*choke valve means including a valve member movabletoward open position by suction, a heat responsive device connected tosaid choke valve means and adaptedto apply a force to hold said memberin closed position against the force of suction, additional means forresisting the opening of said choke valve member by suction, saidadditional means being constructed and arranged to operate only whensaid suction operable valve member is in proximity to its closedposition, and a connection between said throttle and said choke valvemechanism, said connection being constructed and arranged to open saidchoke valve member to a point beyond the effective range of saidadditional means.

19. In a carburetor, a suction operable choke valve, means resisting theoperation of said choke valve by suction, said resisting means beingeffective only when said choke valve is in closed or nearly closedposition, heat responsive means for closing said choke valve whenthetemperature is low, a throttle valve, and connections between saidthrottle and choke valves for forcing said choke valve to partially openposition when said throttle valve has been moved to a predeterminedposition.

20. In a carburetor, a choke valve, a heat responsive device connectedto said choke valve and adapted to move it to closed position when thetemperature is low, said choke valve being nor mallyoperable inresponseto suction, a device constructedand arranged to interfere with theopening of said choke valve by suction when said valve is near itsclosedposition, said device being substantially ineffective in otheroperating positions of the choke valve, a throttle valve and connectionsbetween said throttle valve and said choke valve for opening said chokevalve to such a degree that said device is no longer effective.

21. In a carburetor, a choke valve, a heat responsive device forcontrolling said choke valve, said choke "valve being normally operablein response to suction, latch means forresisting the opening of saidchoke valve by suction, said latch being ineffective except when saidchoke valve is in substantially closed position, a throttle valve, andconnections between said throttle valve and said latch.

22. In a carburetor, means forming a mixing conduit having an air inlet,a choke valve mechanism for controlling said air inlet, saidmechanismbeing operable by heat and by suction to open said inlet,resistance means for interfering with the operation of said valvemechanism by suction when the mechanism is in position to close saidinlet, a throttle valve and means connected to said throttle valve fordisengaging said resistance means.

23. In a device of the class described, an exhaust passage, a valve insaid passage, yielding means tending to move the valve to one position,and a thermostatic coil spring for overcomingv forming a mixing conduit,a heating device for i said yielding means, to move'the valve to anotherI position when a. predetermined temperature is exceeded. I

24. In a device oi. the class described,imeans heating the mixture insaid mixing conduit, valve means for controlling the flow of heatingfluid 10 n weight for normally holding said heat valve in through said.heating device, an unbalanced one position, a heat responsiveelement'ior moving said heat valve to another position when apredetermined temperature has been reached, a

choke valve for controlling the admission 01' air to said carburetor,and an-operating connection I between said heat responsive elementandsaid heating the mixture in said mixing conduit,"valve meansfor-controlling the flow of heating fluid throughsaid heating device, anunbalanced choke valve. o I v i g 25. In a device of the classdescribed, means forming a mixing conduit, a heating deviceiorweight'for normally holding said heat valve in one position, and a heatresponsive element for I s moving said heat valve to another positionwhen a predetermined temperature has been reached.

.the throttle is fully closed.

26. In a carburetor for internal combustion engines,' a choke valve, 9.throttle valve, a lost motion connection :between said throttle" valveand saiclchoke valve for at least partially opening said choke valvewhen said'throttle valve is veither fully closed or fully opened, saidlost mo- ,tion connection permitting the closure of said choke valvewhen the throttle is in an intermedi- I ate position. I I v 2'7. Incombination with an internal-combustion engine having a carburetor, achoke-valve ,iorsaid carburetor, a throttle-'valveior said'carburetor,and means operated gwith thethrottlevalve as it approaches-both limitsof its range or temperature, and means connecting the choke valve andthrottle tor-partially opening the valve whenthe throttle is fullyopenedand also GEORGE -M..VBICKNELL., i

